living matter lab
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Contents

fall 16 - me234 - intro to neuromechanics

Brain2016a.jpg
Brain2016b.jpg

me 234 - intro to neuromechanics 16

ellen kuhl, johannes weickenmeier
office hours tue 2:00-3:00, 520-203
summary, announcement, syllabus

fall 2016
tue thu 10:30-11:50
Y2E2 111

 

dissecting brains

objectives

our brain is not only our softest, but also our least well-understood organ. floating in the cerebrospinal fluid, embedded in the skull, it is almost perfectly isolated from its mechanical environment. not surprisingly, most brain research focuses on the electrical rather than the mechanical characteristics of brain tissue. recent studies suggest though, that the mechanical environment plays an important role in modulating brain function. neuromechanics has traditionally focused on the extremely fast time scales associated with dynamic phenomena on the order of milliseconds. the prototype example is traumatic brain injury where extreme loading rates cause intracranial damage associated with a temporary or permanent loss of function. neurodevelopment, on the contrary, falls into the slow time scales associated with quasi-static phenomena on the order of months. a typical example is cortical folding, where compressive forces between gray and white matter induce surface buckling. to understand the role of mechanics in neuroanatomy and neuromorphology, we begin this course by dissecting mammalian brains and correlate our observations to neurophysiology. we discuss morphological abnormalities including lissencephaly and polymicrogyria and illustrate their morphological similarities with neurological disorders including schizophrenia and autism. then, we address the role of mechanics during brachycephaly, plagiocephaly, tumor growth, and hydrocephalus. last, we explore the mechanics of traumatic brain injury with special applications to shaken baby syndrome.

grading

  • 20 % dissection - presentation
  • 30 % homework - three homework assignments, 10% each
  • 20 % project presentation - graded by the class
  • 30 % project report - graded by instructors

syllabus

day date topic slides homework
tue sep 27 introduction to brain anatomy s01
thu sep 29 introduction to brain mechanics s02
tue oct 04 dissecting brains s03
thu oct 06 brain anatomy - student presentations s04
tue oct 11 brain mechanics in 1d – elasticity of neurons s05
thu oct 13 brain mechanics in 3d – elasticity of the brain s06
tue oct 18 brain mechanics in 3d – brain-skull interaction – craniectomy s07
thu oct 20 brain mechanics in 3d - viscoelasticity of the brain s08
tue oct 25 brain growth in 1d – axonal growth s09
thu oct 27 brain growth in 2d – morphogenesis s10
tue nov 01 brain swelling in 3d - electrochemistry s11
thu nov 03 brain swelling in 3d - craniectomy s12
tue nov 08 brain growth in 3d – physiology and pathologies s13
thu nov 10 brain surgery - brain doctors at john radcliffe s14
tue nov 15 brain-fluid interaction – hydrocephalus s15
thu nov 17 brain damage in 1d – diffuse axonal injury s16
tue nov 29 brain damage in 3d - traumatic brain injury s17
thu dec 01 brain damage in 3d – shaken baby syndrome s18
tue dec 06 final projects - discussion, presentation, evaluation s19
thu dec 08 final projects - discussion, presentation, evaluation s20
fri dec 09 final project reports due

matlab files

here's the matlab code for brain folding

additional reading

bayly pv, taber la, kroenke cd. mechanical forces in cerebral cortical folding: a review of measurements and models. j mech beh biomed mat. 2014;29:568-581. (download)

budday s, steinmann p, kuhl e. the role of mechanics during brain development. j mech phys solids. 2014:72:75-92. (download)

budday s, raybaud c, kuhl e. a mechanical model predicts morphological abnormalities in the developing human brain. scientific reports. 2014;4:5644. (download)

budday s, nay r, steinmann p, wyrobek t, ovaert tc, kuhl e. mechanical properties of gray and white matter brain tissue by indentation. submitted for publication. 2014. (download)

dennerll tj, lamoureux p, buxbaum re, heidemann sr. the cytomechanics of axonal elongation and retraction. j cell bio. 1989;109:3073-3083. (download)

franceschini g, bigoni d, regitnig p, holzapfel ga. brain tissue deforms similar to filled elastomers and follows consolidation theory. j mech phys solids. 2006;54:2592-2620. (download)

hardan ay, libove ra, keshavan ms, melhem nm, minshew nj. a preliminary longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of brain volume and cortical thickness in autism. biol psych. 2009;66:320-326. (download)

kruse sa, rose gh, glaser kj, manduca a, felmlee jp, jack cr, ehman rl. magentic resonance elastography of the brain. neuroimage. 2008;39:231-237. (download)

miller k, chinzei k. constitutive modelling of brain tissue: experiment and theory. j biomech. 1997;30:1115-1121. (download)

raybaud c, widjaja e. development and dysgenesis of the cerebral cortex: malformations of cortical development. neuroimag clin n am. 2011;21:483–543. (download)

richman dp, stewart rm, hutchinson jw, caviness vs. mechanical model of brain convolutional development. science. 1975;189:18-21. (download)

sun t, hevner rf. growth and folding of the mammalian cerebral cortex: from molecules to malformations. nature neurosci. 2014;15:217-231. (download)

van essen dc. a tension-based theory of morphogenesis and compact wiring in the central nervous system. nature. 1997;385:313-318. (download)